Composition Comprising a Jnk Inhibitor and Cyclosporin

ABSTRACT

The present invention is related to a composition comprising a JNK inhibitor and a cyclosporin, in particular for the treatment of neuronal disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to a composition containing a JNK inhibitor and a cyclosporin, in particular for the treatment of neuronal disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs)

Mammalian cells respond to some extracellular stimuli by activating signaling cascades which are mediated by various mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Despite the differences in their response to upstream stimuli, the MAP kinase cascades are organized in a similar fashion, consisting of MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKK or MEKK), MAP kinase kinases (MAPKK or MKK) and MAP kinases (MAPK). MAP kinases are a broad family of kinases, which includes c-Jun N-Terminal kinases (JNKs), also known as “stress-activated protein kinases” (SAPKs), as well as extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and p38 MAP kinases. Each of these three MAP kinases sub-families is involved in at least three different but parallel pathways conveying the information triggered by external stimuli. The JNK signaling pathway is activated by exposure of cells to environmental stress—such as chemical toxins, radiation, hypoxia and osmotic shock—as well as by treatment of cells with growth factors or pro-inflammatory cytokines—such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β).

Two MAP kinase kinases (known as MKKs or MAPKKs), i.e. MKK4 (known also as JNKK1) and MKK7, activate JNK by a dual phosphorylation of specific threonine and tyrosine residues located within a Thr-Pro-Tyr motif on the activation loop on the enzyme, in response to cytokines and stress signals. Even further upstream in the signaling cascade, MKK4 is known to be activated itself also by a MAP kinase kinase kinase, MEKK1 through phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues.

Once activated, JNK binds to the N-terminal region of transcription factor targets and phosphorylates the transcriptional activation domains resulting in the up-regulation of expression of various gene products, which can lead to apoptosis, inflammatory responses or oncogenic processes (1).

Some transcription factors known to be JNK substrates are the Jun proteins (c-jun, JunB and Jun D), the related transcription factors ATF2 and ATFa, Ets transcription factors such as Elk-1 and Sap-1, the tumor suppressor p53 and a cell death domain protein (DENN).

Three distinct JNK enzymes have been identified as products of the genes JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 and ten different isoforms of JNK have been identified (2). JNK1 and -2 are ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, whereas JNK3 is selectively expressed in the brain, heart and testes (2). Each isoform binds to the substrates with different affinities, suggesting, in vivo, a substrate specific regulation of the signaling pathways by the different JNK isoforms.

Activation of the JNK pathway has been documented in a number of disease processes, thus providing a rationale for targeting this pathway for drug discovery. In addition, molecular genetic approaches have validated the pathogenic role of this pathway in several diseases.

For example, auto-immune and inflammatory diseases derive from the inappropriate activation of the immune system. Activated immune cells express many genes encoding inflammatory molecules, including cytokines, growth factors, cell surface receptors, cell adhesion molecules and degradative enzymes. Many of these genes are known to be regulated by the JNK pathway, through the activation of the transcription factors c-Jun and ATF-2.

The inhibition of JNK activation in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, effectively modulates the production of the key pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNFα (3).

The inhibition of JNK activation decreases the transcription factor activation responsible of the inducible expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (4), which are known to be responsible of the promotion of cartilage and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis and of generalized tissue destruction in other auto-immune diseases.

The JNK cascade is also activated in T cells by antigen stimulation and CD28 receptor co-stimulation (5) and regulates the production of the IL-2 promoter (6). Inappropriate activation of T lymphocytes initiates and perpetuates many auto-immune diseases, including asthma, inflammatory bowel syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

In neurons vulnerable to damage from Alzheimer's disease and in CA1 neurons of patients with acute hypoxia (7), JNK3 protein is highly expressed. The JNK3 gene was also found to be expressed in the damaged regions of the brains of Alzheimer's patients (8). In addition, neurons from JNK3 KO mice were found to become resistant to kainic acid induced neuronal apoptosis compared to neurons from wild-type mice.

Based on these findings, the JNK signaling pathway and especially that of JNK2 and JNK3, is thought to be implicated in apoptosis-driven neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and seizures, Huntington's disease, CNS disorders, traumatic brain injuries as well as ischemic disorders and hemorrhaging strokes.

Several small molecules have been proposed as modulators of JNK pathway.

Aryl-oxindole derivatives of respectively the generic formula (A) (WO 00/35909; WO 00/35906; WO 00/3592) and formula (B) (WO 00/64872) have been developed for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and solid tumors for formula (A) and for the treatment of a broad range of disorders including, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular and bone disorders for formula (B).

Pyrazoloanthrones derivatives of formula (C) have been reported to inhibit JNK for the treatment of neurological degenerative diseases, inflammatory and auto-immune disorders as well as cardiovascular pathologies (WO 01/12609).

Tetrahydro-pyrimidine derivatives of formula (D) were reported to be JNK inhibitors useful in the treatment of a wide range of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory and auto-immune disorders, cardiac and destructive bone pathologies (WO 00/75118).

Other heterocyclic compounds of formula (E) have been proposed to inhibit protein kinases and especially c-un-N-Terminal kinases (WO 01/12621) for treating “JNK-mediated conditions” including neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory and auto-immune disorders, destructive bone disorders, cardiovascular and infectious diseases.

Benzazoles derivatives such as represented by formula (F) (WO 01/47920) have been described as modulators of the JNK pathway for the treatment of neuronal disorders, auto-immune diseases, cancers and cardiovascular diseases.

Several sulphonamide derivatives of formula (G) (WO 01/23378), sulfonyl amino acid derivatives of formula (H) (WO 01/23379) and sulfonyl hydrazide derivatives of formula (J) (WO 01/23382), were also developed to inhibit JNKs especially JNK2 and JNK3 for treating neurodegenerative diseases, auto-immune disorders, cancers and cardiovascular diseases.

Cyclosporine

Cyclosporin derivatives compose a class of cyclic polypeptides, consisting of eleven amino acids, that are produced as secondary metabolites by the fungus species Tolypocladium inflatum Gams. They have been observed to reversibly inhibit immuno-competent lymphocytes, particularly T-lymphocytes, in the G0 or G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cyclosporin derivatives have also been observed to reversibly inhibit the production and release of lymphokines (16). Although a number of cyclosporin derivatives are known, cyclosporin A is the most widely used. The suppressive effects of cyclosporin A are related to the inhibition of T-cell mediated activation events. This suppression is accomplished by the binding of cyclosporin to the ubiquitous intracellular protein, cyclophilin. This complex, in turn, inhibits the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent serine-threonine phosphatase activity of the enzyme calcineurin. Inhibition of calcineurin prevents the activation of transcription factors such as NFATp/c and NF-[kappa]B, which are necessary for the induction of the cytokine genes (IL-2, IFN-[gamma], IL-4, and GM-CSF) during T-cell activation. Cyclosporin also inhibits lymphokine production by T-helper cells in vitro and arrests the development of mature CD8 and CD4 cells in the thymus (16). Other in vitro properties of cyclosporin include the inhibition of IL-2 producing T-lymphocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, inhibition of IL-2 released by activated T-cells, inhibition of resting T-lymphocytes in response to alloantigen and exogenous lymphokine, inhibition of IL-1 production, and inhibition of mitogen activation of IL-2 producing T-lymphocytes (16).

Cyclosporin is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has been demonstrated to suppress humoral immunity and cell-mediated immune reactions such as allograft rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Freund's adjuvant arthritis and graft vs. host disease. It is used for the prophylaxis of organ rejection subsequent to organ transplantation; for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; for the treatment of psoriasis; and for the treatment of other autoimmune diseases, including type I diabetes, Crohn's disease, lupus, and the like.

Since the original discovery of cyclosporin, a wide variety of naturally occurring cyclosporins have been isolated and identified and many further non-natural cyclosporins have been prepared by total- or semi-synthetic means or by the application of modified culture techniques. The class comprised by the cyclosporins is thus now substantial and includes, for example, the naturally occurring cyclosporins A through Z (17, 18, 19, 20), as well as various non-natural cyclosporin derivatives and artificial or synthetic cyclosporins including the dihydro- and iso-cyclosporins; derivatized cyclosporins (e.g., in which the 3′-O-atom of the -MeBmt-residue is acylated or a farther substituent is introduced at the [alpha]-carbon atom of the sarcosyl residue at the 3-position); cyclosporins in which the -MeBmt-residue is present in isomeric form (e.g., in which the configuration across positions 6′ and 7′ of the -MeBmt-residue is cis rather than trans); and cyclosporins wherein variant amino acids are incorporated at specific positions within the peptide sequence employing, e.g., the total synthetic method for the production of cyclosporins developed by (21, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 cf also U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,985, U.S. Pat. No. 4,210,581, U.S. Pat. No. 4,220,641, U.S. Pat. No. 4,288,431, U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,351 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,396,542, EP-0 034 567 and EP-0 056 782, WO 86/02080).

Cyclosporin A analogues containing modified amino acids in the 1-position are reported by Rich et al. (24). Immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasitic cyclosporin A analogues are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,384,996; U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,122; U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,826; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,525,590, all assigned to Sandoz. Additional cyclosporin analogues are disclosed in WO 99/18120, assigned to Isotechnika. The terms Ciclosporin, ciclosporin, cyclosporine, and Cyclosporin are interchangeable and refer to cyclosporin.

There are numerous adverse effects associated with cyclosporin A therapy, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, cataractogenesis, hirsutism, parathesis, and gingival hyperplasia to name a few. Of these, nephrotoxicity is one of the more serious, dose-related adverse effects resulting from cyclosporin A administration.

Immediate-release cyclosporin A drug products (e.g., Neoral® and Sandimmune® of Novartis) can cause nephrotoxicities and other toxic side effects due to their rapid release and the absorption of high blood concentrations of the drug. It is postulated that the peak concentrations of the drug are associated with the side effects.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a composition containing a JNK inhibitor and a cyclosporin, in particular for the treatment of neuronal disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

In one embodiment the JNK inhibitor is a benzazole of formula (I).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following paragraphs provide definitions of the various chemical moieties that make up the compounds according to the invention and are intended to apply uniformly throughout the specification and claims unless an otherwise expressly set out definition provides a broader definition.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl” refers to alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. This term is exemplified by groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and the like.

“Aryl” refers to an unsaturated aromatic carbocyclic group of from 6 to 14 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., phenyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g. naphthyl). Preferred aryl include phenyl, naphthyl, phenantrenyl and the like.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an aryl substituent, including benzyl, phenethyl and the like.

“Heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic heteroaromatic, or a bicyclic or a tricyclic fused-ring heteroaromatic group. Particular examples of heteroaromatic groups include optionally substituted pyridyl; pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, benzofuryl, [2,3-dihydro]benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, isobenzothienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolizinyl, quinazolinyl, pthalazinyl, quinoxalinyl, cinnolinyl, napthyridinyl, pyrido[3,4-b]pyridyl, pyrido[3,2-b]pyridyl, pyrido[4,3-b]pyridyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrazolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinolyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, xanthenyl or benzoquinolyl.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a heteroaryl substituent, including 2-furylmethyl, 2-thienylmethyl, 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkenyl” refers to alkenyl groups preferably having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1 or 2 sites of alkenyl unsaturation. Preferable alkenyl groups include ethenyl (—CH═CH₂), n-2-propenyl (allyl, —CH₂CH═CH₂) and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl” refers to C₂-C₆-alkenyl groups having an aryl substituent, including 2-phenylvinyl and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl” refers to C₂-C₆-alkenyl groups having a heteroaryl substituent, including 2-(3-pyridinyl)vinyl and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkynyl” refers to alkynyl groups preferably having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least 1-2 sites of alkynyl unsaturation, preferred alkynyl groups include ethynyl (—C≡CH), propargyl (—CH₂C≡CH), and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl” refers to C₂-C₆-alkynyl groups having an aryl substituent, including phenylethynyl and the like.

“C₂-C₆-alkynyl heteroaryl” refers to C₂-C₆-alkynyl groups having a heteroaryl substituent, including 2-thienylethynyl and the like.

“C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated carbocyclic group of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms having a single ring (e.g., cyclohexyl) or multiple condensed rings (e.g., norbornyl). Preferred cycloalkyl include cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, norbornyl and the like.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a cycloalkyl substituent, including cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, and the like.

“heterocycloalkyl” refers to a C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl group according to the definition above, in which 1 to 3 carbon atoms are replaced by hetero atoms chosen from the group consisting of O, S, NR, R being defined as hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl. Preferred heterocycloalkyl include pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, 1-methylpiperazine, morpholine, and the like.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a heterocycloalkyl substituent, including 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl, 4-morpholinylmethyl, (1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)methyl and the like.

“Carboxy” refers to the group C(O)OH.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl carboxy” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a carboxy substituent, including 2-carboxyethyl and the like.

“Acyl” refers to the group —C(O)R where R includes H, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alknylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl acyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an acyl substituent, including 2-acetylethyl and the like.

“Aryl acyl” refers to aryl groups having an acyl substituent, including 2-acetylphenyl and the like.

“Heteroaryl acyl” refers to hetereoaryl groups having an acyl substituent, including 2-acetylpyridyl and the like.

“C₃-C₈-(hetero)cycloalkyl acyl” refers to 3 to 8 membered cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl groups having an acyl substituent.

“Acyloxy” refers to the group —OC(O)R where R includes H, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl acyloxy” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an acyloxy substituent, including 2-(acetyloxy)ethyl and the like.

“Alkoxy” refers to the group —O—R where R includes “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl alkoxy” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an alkoxy substituent, including 2-ethoxyethyl and the like.

“Alkoxycarbonyl” refers to the group —C(O)OR where R includes “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl alkoxycarbonyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an alkoxycarbonyl substituent, including 2-(benzyloxycarbonyl)ethyl and the like.

“Aminocarbonyl” refers to the group —C(O)NRR′ where each R, R′ includes independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkylaminocarbonyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an aminocarbonyl substituent, including 2-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)ethyl and the like.

“Acylamino” refers to the group —NRC(O)R′ where each R, R′ is independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl acylamino” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an acylamino substituent, including 2-(propionylamino)ethyl and the like.

“Ureido” refers to the group —NRC(O)NR′R″ where each R, R′, R″ is independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”, and where R′ and R″, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, can optionally form a 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl ring.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl ureido” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an ureido substituent, including 2-(N′-methylureido)ethyl and the like.

“Carbamate” refers to the group —NRC(O)OR′ where each R, R′ is independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“Amino” refers to the group —NRR′ where each R, R′ is independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”, and where R and R′, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, can optionally form a 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl ring.

“C₁-C₆-alkylamino” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an amino substituent, including 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl and the like.

“Ammonium” refers to a positively charged group —N⁺RR′R″, where each R, R′, R″ is independently, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”, and where R and R′, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, can optionally form a 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl ring.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl ammonium” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an ammonium substituent, including 2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl and the like.

“Halogen” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo atoms.

“JNK-inhibitor” refers to a compound, a peptide or a protein that inhibits c-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation of a JNK targeted transcription factor. The JNK-inhibitor is an agent capable of inhibiting the activity of JNK in vitro or in vivo. Such inhibitory activity can be determined by an assay or animal model well-known in the art. In one embodiment, the JNK inhibitor is a compound of structure (I) or (II).

“JNK” means a protein or an isoform thereof expressed by a JNK 1, JNK 2, or JNK 3 gene (Gupta, S., Barrett, T., Whitmarsh, A. J., Cavanagh, J., Sluss, H. K., Derijard, B. and Davis, R. J. The EMBO J. 15:2760-2770, 1996).

“Sulfonyloxy” refers to a group —OSO₂—R wherein R is selected from H, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl” substituted with halogens, e.g., an —OSO₂—CF₃ group, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl sulfonyloxy” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a sulfonyloxy substituent, including 2-(methylsulfonyloxy)ethyl and the like.

“Sulfonyl” refers to group “—SO₂—R” wherein R is selected from H, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl” substituted with halogens, e.g., an —SO₂—CF₃ group, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl sulfonyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a sulfonyl substituent, including 2-(methylsulfonyl)ethyl and the like.

“Sulfinyl” refers to a group “—S(O)—R” wherein R is selected from H, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl” substituted with halogens, e.g., an —SO—CF₃ group, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl sulfinyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a sulfinyl substituent, including 2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl and the like.

“Sulfanyl” refers to groups —S—R where R includes H, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl” substituted with halogens, e.g., an —SO—CF₃ group, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”. Preferred sulfanyl groups include methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, and the like.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl sulfanyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a sulfanyl substituent, including 2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl and the like.

“Sulfonylamino” refers to a group —NRSO₂—R′ where each R, R′ includes independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkyl sulfonylamino” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having a sulfonylamino substituent, including 2-(ethylsulfonylamino)ethyl and the like.

“Aminosulfonyl” refers to a group —SO₂—NRR′ where each R, R′ includes independently hydrogen, “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “C₃-C₈-cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl” or “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynylheteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”.

“C₁-C₆-alkylaminosulfonyl” refers to C₁-C₆-alkyl groups having an aminosulfonyl substituent, including 2-(cyclohexylaminosulfonyl)ethyl and the like.

“Substituted or unsubstituted”: Unless otherwise constrained by the definition of the individual substituent, the above set out groups, like “alkyl”, “alkenyl”, “alkynyl”, “aryl” and “heteroaryl” etc. groups can optionally be substituted with from 1 to 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of “C₁-C₆-alkyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkenyl”, “C₂-C₆-alkynyl”, “cycloalkyl”, “heterocycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl”, “C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl”, “amino”, “ammonium”, “acyl”, “acyloxy”, “acylamino”, “aminocarbonyl”, “alkoxycarbonyl”, “ureido”, “carbamate”, “aryl”, “heteroaryl”, “sulfinyl”, “sulfonyl”, “alkoxy”, “sulfanyl”, “halogen”, “carboxy”, trihalomethyl, cyano, hydroxy, mercapto, nitro, and the like. Alternatively said substitution could also comprise situations where neighbouring substituents have undergone ring closure, notably when vicinal functional substituents are involved, thus forming, e.g., lactams, lactons, cyclic anhydrides, but also acetals, thioacetals, aminals formed by ring closure for instance in an effort to obtain a protective group.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts or complexes” refers to salts or complexes of the below-identified compounds of formula (I) that retain the desired biological activity. Examples of such salts include, but are not restricted to acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids (e.g. hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and the like), and salts formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, ascorbic acid, benzoic acid, tannic acid, pamoic acid, alginic acid, polyglutamic acid, naphthalene sulfonic acid, naphthalene disulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid and poly-galacturonic acid. Said compounds can also be administered as pharmaceutically acceptable quaternary salts known by a person skilled in the art, which specifically include the quarternary ammonium salt of the formula —NR,R′,R″⁺Z⁹⁻, wherein R, R′, R″ is independently hydrogen, alkyl, or benzyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and Z is a counterion, including chloride, bromide, iodide, —O-alkyl, toluenesulfonate, methylsulfonate, sulfonate, phosphate, or carboxylate (such as benzoate, succinate, acetate, glycolate, maleate, malate, fumarate, citrate, tartrate, ascorbate, cinnamoate, mandeloate, and diphenylacetate).

“Pharmaceutically active derivative” refers to any compound that upon administration to the recipient, is capable of providing directly or indirectly, the activity disclosed herein.

“Enantiomeric excess” (ee) refers to the products that are obtained by an asymmetric synthesis, i.e. a synthesis involving non-racemic starting materials and/or reagents or a synthesis comprising at least one enantioselective step, whereby a surplus of one enantiomer in the order of at least about 52% ee is yielded.

It was now found that the activity of JNK inhibitors may be increased (boosted) upon combination with cyclosporin.

Any JNK inhibitor, in particular any of the above and below cited JNK inhibitors may be used. The compounds, peptides or proteins inhibit JNK1 and/or JNK2 and/or JNK3. In one embodiment, the JNK inhibitor selectively inhibits JNK3 (e.g. by being at least 2 or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6 or more times more active in respect of JNK3 than to JNK1 or 2) In a further embodiment, the JNK inhibitor selectively inhibits JNK2 (e.g. by being at least 2 or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6 or more times more active in respect of JNK than to JNK1 or 3). The activity of a JNK inhibitor may be determined through a JNK enzyme assay known in the art.

In one embodiment the JNK inhibitor, in particular any of the above and below cited JNK inhibitors inhibits the activity of JNK1 and/or JNK2 and/or JNK3 at concentrations of at least 10M. In another embodiment the JNK inhibitor inhibits the activity of JNK1 and/or JNK2 and/or JNK3 at concentration of at least 1-5 μM. In another embodiment the JNK inhibitor inhibits the activity of JNK1 and/or JNK2 and/or JNK3 of at least 1 μM.

A preferred cyclosporin is cyclosporin A.

In one embodiment the JNK inhibitors have the formula I.

Said compounds are disclosed in WO 01/47920 (Applied Research Systems ARS Holding NV) in which benzazoles derivatives of formula (A) are described in particular for the treatment of neuronal disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases:

In the compounds according to formula I

G is an unsubstituted or substituted pyridinyl group.

L is an unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkoxy, or an amino group, or an unsubstituted or a substituted 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S (e.g. a piperazine, a piperidine, a morpholine, a pyrrolidine).

R¹ is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, sulfonyl, amino, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted aryl (e.g. phenyl), halogen, cyano or hydroxy.

Preferably R¹ is H or C₁-C₃ alkyl (e.g. a methyl or ethyl group).

Formula (I) also comprises its tautomers, its geometrical isomers, its optically active forms as enantiomers, diastereomers and its racemate forms, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Preferred pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the formula (I) are acid addition salts formed with pharmaceutically acceptable acids like hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate, methanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, and para-toluenesulfonate salts.

More specifically, the benzothiazole acetonitriles of formula (I) comprise the tautomeric forms, e.g. the below ones:

A specific embodiment of the present invention consists in benzothiazole acetonitriles of formula (Ia) in its tautomeric forms, e.g. the below ones:

R¹ and L are as defined for formula (I).

According to a specific embodiment, the moiety L is an amino group of the formula —NR³R⁴ wherein R³ and R⁴ are each independently from each other H, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl heterocycloalkyl.

Alternatively, R³ and R⁴ may form a ring together with the nitrogen to which they are attached.

In a specific embodiment, R³ is hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl or propyl group and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆ alkyl-aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl-heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl and unsubstituted or substituted 4-8 membered saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl.

In a further specific embodiment, R³ and R⁴ form a substituted or unsubstituted piperazine or a piperidine or a morpholine or a pyrrolidine ring together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, whereby said optional substituent is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl heteroaryl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl heterocycloalkyl.

In a specific embodiment L is selected from:

wherein n is 1 to 3, preferably 1 or 2.

R⁵ and R^(5′) are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆ alkyl-aryl and substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆-alkyl-heteroaryl.

L being the moiety (d) is particularly preferred.

Specific examples of compounds of formula I include the following:

-   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-benzyl-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(methylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(benzyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(dimethylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(propylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[4-(2-pyrazinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(5-bromo-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{methyl[3-(methylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   tert-butyl     ({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)acetate -   {2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile -   {2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   isopropyl     3-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)propanoate -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   tert-butyl     4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]phenylcarbamate -   (2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)amino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(2-{4-[hydroxy(oxido)amino]phenyl}ethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide -   {2-[(2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(1H-tetraazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzyloxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(3-pyridin-2-ylpropoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl     {2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl{2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-butoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   {2-[4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile -   [2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl][5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile -   N-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl]-benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile -   1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-formylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile -   [2-({4-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl](1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile -   (3′-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile -   4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic     acid methyl ester -   2-[4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide -   (2-{4-[4-(2-Amino-acetyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-acetonitrile -   [4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetic     acid methyl ester -   (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile -   4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic     acid dimethylamide -   (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile -   (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile

The compounds of formula (I) may be obtained according to the methods described in WO 01/47920.

In a further embodiment the JNK inhibitors may have the formula (II):

Y is an unsubstituted or a substituted 4-12-membered saturated cyclic or bicyclic alkyl ring containing at least one nitrogen atom (heterocycle), whereby one nitrogen atom within said ring is forming a bond with the sulfonyl group of formula II, thus providing a sulfonamide.

R¹ is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆-alkoxy, unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl, amino, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, sulfonamide, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, unsubstituted or a substituted aryl, unsubstituted or a substituted heteroaryl, carboxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, hydrazide.

More specifically, R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen (e.g. chlorine), C₁-C₆ alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C₁-C₆ alkoxy (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy). Most preferred is halogen, in particular chlorine.

R² is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, COOR³, —CONR³R^(3′), OH, a C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted with an OH or amino group, a hydrazido carbonyl group, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an amine or an ammonium salt. Thereby, R³, R^(3′) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl.

According to one embodiment the cyclic amines Y have either of the general formulae (a) to (d):

Thereby, L¹ and L² are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₂-C₆-alkynyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₄-C₈-cycloalkyl optionally containing 1-3 heteroatoms and optionally fused with aryl or heteroaryl.

Alternatively, L¹ and L² are independently selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or a substituted aryl, unsubstituted or a substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or a substituted aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or a substituted heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, —C(O)—OR³, —C(O)—R³, —C(O)—NR^(3′)R³, —NR^(3′)R³, —NR^(3′)C(O)R³, —NR^(3′)C(O)NR^(3′)R³, —(SO)R³, —(SO₂)R³, —NSO₂R³, —SO₂NR^(3′)R³.

Alternatively, L¹ and L² taken together may form a 4-8-membered, unsubstituted or a substituted saturated cyclic alkyl or heteroalkyl ring.

R³, R^(3′) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or a substituted C₂-C₆-alkenyl, unsubstituted or a substituted aryl, unsubstituted or a substituted heteroaryl, unsubstituted or a substituted aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, unsubstituted or a substituted heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl.

R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, unsubstituted or a substituted C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, OH, halogen, nitro, cyano, sulfonyl, oxo (═O), and n′ is an integer from 0 to 4, preferably 1 or 2. In one embodiment R⁶ is hydrogen.

In a further specific embodiment R⁶ is H, L² is H, L¹ is —NR^(3′)R³; where at least one of R^(3′) and R³ is not hydrogen, but a substituent selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C₄-C₁₈-alkyl, aryl-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₂-C₁₈-alkyl, C₁-C₁₄-alkyl substituted with a C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl or -bicyclo or -tricyloalkyl, and whereby said alkyl chain may contain 1-3 O or S atoms.

In a more specific embodiment L¹ is —NHR³; where R³ is a straight or branched C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, preferably a C₆-C₁₂-alkyl, optionally substituted with a cyclohexyl group or a benzyl group.

In a even more specific embodiment Y is a piperidine group

L¹ is —NHR³; where R³ is a straight or branched C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, preferably a C₈-C₁₂-alkyl, or a benzyl group.

Specific examples of compounds of formula I include the following:

-   4-chloro-AN-[5-(piperazine-1-sulfonyl)-thiophen-2-yl-methyl]-benzamide -   4-Chloro-N-{5-[4-(3-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-phenylamino)-piperidine-1-sulfonyl]-thiophen-2-ylmethyl}-benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitrophenyl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{4-nitrophenyl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-furoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide_(—) -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-thien-2-ylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(cyclohexylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-cyanophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-piperidin-1-ylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-benzoylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[2-(methylanilino)-2-oxoethyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hydroxy(diphenyl)methyl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-cyanopyrazin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{5-nitropyridin-2-yl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   methyl     5-{4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-7-(trifluoromethyl)thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate -   ethyl     2-{4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-5-cyano-6-methylnicotinate -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[5-cyano-4,6-bis(dimethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[6-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   tert-butyl     4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate -   2-{4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-8-ethyl-5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic     acid -   7-{4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro[1,8]naphthyridine-3-carboxylic     acid -   7-{4-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperazin-1-yl}-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic     acid -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   tert-butyl     1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-ylcarbamate -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(1-naphthyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[(1R,4R)-5-benzyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(benzyloxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-chlorodibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepin-11-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(5-{[4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)acetamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-acetylphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-tert-butyl-1H-indol-5-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(phenylacetyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-phenoxypiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[benzyl(methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(5-thien-2-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(phenylacetyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-anilinopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-heptylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-octylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   2-(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)acetamide -   2-{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic     acid -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(5-chloro-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   methyl     1-{1-[(5-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate -   methyl     1-{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-6-carboxylate -   methyl     2-{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylate -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(6-chloro-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl]piperidin     1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(7-aza-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   1-{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-5-carboxylic     acid -   1-{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}-1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole-6-carboxylic     acid -   N-[(5-{[4-(2-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(9H-purin-9-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{6-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-propylanilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(dimethylamino)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   methyl     3-({1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}amino)-benzoate -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfanyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-({1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}amino)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin     1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[amino(imino)methyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2-aminoanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-toluidino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-tert-butylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2,2-dioxido-1,3-dihydro-2-benzothien-5-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({3-nitropyridin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-benzylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(butylamino)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-ethylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminosulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(quinolin-5-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(quinolin-8-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-Chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{4-nitrobenzoyl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-benzoylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-W-{[5-({4-[4-(dimethylamino)benzoyl]piperazin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-fluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-naphthoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(1-naphthoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitrobenzoyl}piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylcarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,4,6-trifluorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2,6-dichlorobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-heptanoylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(quinolin-8-ylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(dimethylamino)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfanyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminosulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   methyl     3-{[1-({5-[({3-nitrobenzoyl}amino)methyl]-thien-2-yl}sulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]amino}benzoate -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(dimethylamino)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfanyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminosulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitrobenzamide -   3-{[1     ({5-[({4-nitrobenzoyl}amino)methyl]thien-2-yl}sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}benzamide -   3-{[1-({5-[({4-nitrobenzoyl}amino)methyl]thien-2-yl}sulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[amino(imino)methyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-anilinopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-anilinopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[amino(imino)methyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfony]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-({3-nitropyridin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2,2-dioxido-1,3-dihydro-2-benzothien-5-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-tert-butylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-benzylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-({3-nitropyridin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-tert-butylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide. -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-benzylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-nitrobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2-aminoanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{2-nitro-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(butylamino)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-ethylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-nitro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-nitrobenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,4-difluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   2-Hydroxy-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-2-hydroxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-nitrobenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(dimethylamino)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfanyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminosulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   methyl     3-({1-[(5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]-methyl}thien-2-yl)sulfonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}amino)-benzoate -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{2-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[amino(imino)methyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-anilinopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(4-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-({3-nitropyridin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2,2-dioxido-1,3-dihydro-2-benzothien-5-yl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(2-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(4-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-tert-butylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[3-(1,3-oxazol-5-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylphenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-benzylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-cyclohexyl-4-hydroxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[(butylamino)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(3-ethylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-5-nitro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3,4-dihydroxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexyloxy)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-heptanoylpiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-propylanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-furyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-furyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(3-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-furyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(dimethylamino)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[3-(methylsulfanyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[3-(aminosulfonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   methyl     3-({1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-furyl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}amino)benzoate -   3-({1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-furyl)sulfonyl]piperidin-4-yl}amino)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(2-methoxyanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-furyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{2-nitroanilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(4-chloroanilino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-2-furyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[4-(aminocarbonyl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[4-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)anilino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)-2-furyl]methyl}benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{3-[amino(imino)methyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-anilinopiperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-nitro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]-2-furyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(3-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}azepan-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiophene-3-carboxylic     acid -   5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-{[4-(octylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thiophene-3-carboxylic     acid -   N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide -   N-({4-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}-piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]-anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide -   N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thiophene-3-carboxamide -   N-({4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-Methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(heptylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(pentylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(dodecylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-propoxyethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1-adamantylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(octylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(heptylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(octylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(pentylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(dodecylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-propoxyethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1-adamantylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3,3-diethoxypropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(heptylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(octylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(pentylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(dodecylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}azepan-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-propoxyethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1-adamantylmethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}azepan-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(heptylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(octylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(pentylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(dodecylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-propoxyethyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]azepan-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)azepan-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[(1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(1-naphthylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-phenylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(3-phenylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)amino]piperidin     1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(nonylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(decylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-(ethylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2-thien-2-ylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzyl}amino)piperidin     1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(quinolin-4-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(2-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]amino}ethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(propylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]benzyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   methyl     [{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4-piperidinyl}(hexyl)amino]acetate -   tert-butyl     [{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4-piperidinyl}(hexyl)amino]acetate -   [{1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4-piperidinyl}(hexyl)amino]acetic     acid -   N-[(5-{[3-(heptylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[3-(octylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[3-(pentylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[3-(butylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[3-(dodecylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(3-{[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]amino}pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({3-[(2-propoxyethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(cyclohexylmethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(1-adamantylmethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({3-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({3-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({3-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-[(5-{[3-(hexylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[3-(heptylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[3-(hexylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[3-(pentylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[3-(butylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(2-cyclohexylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(1R,2R,4S)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ylamino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(3-{[(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]amino}pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-{[5-({3-[(1-adamantylmethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(2-ethylhexyl)amino]pyrrolidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[3-(octylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide     methyl     (2S)-1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4-(hexylamino)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(pentylamino)methyl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[2-(butylamino)ethyl]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-butylanilino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(methyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(cyclohexylmethyl)(hexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[benzyl(hexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[butyl(hexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(3-phenylpropyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[hexyl(2-phenylethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[[(5-bromo-2-furyl)methyl](hexyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{methyl[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(3-chlorobenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(3-methylbenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-propylbenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[4-(difluoromethoxy)benzyl]amino}piperidin-1-yl)sulfonyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-propoxybenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-butoxybenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-methoxybenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-tert-butylbenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(3-ethoxybenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-phenoxybenzyl)amino]piperidin-1-yl}sulfonyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzyl}amino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[4-(ethylsulfanyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-iodobenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(mesitylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-chlorobenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-ethylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-pentylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-{[5-({4-[(4-methylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-butylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-isopropylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-isobutylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-[(4-{[(1-hydroxy-1lambda˜5˜-pyridin-4-yl)methyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-ylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(4-propylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(difluoromethoxy)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(4-propoxybenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-butoxybenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(4-quinolinylmethyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   N-{[5-({4-[(4-tert-butylbenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}-4-chlorobenzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({4-[(4-phenoxybenzyl)amino]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-({5-[(4-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({[6-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridinyl]methyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(benzylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   3-methoxy-N-[(5-{[4-({1-methyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({1-methyl-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[2-({[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}methyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[(3R)-3-({[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}methyl)pyrrolidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({3-[(hexylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-({5-[(3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-pyrrolidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   4-chloro-N-{[5-({(3R)-3-[(hexylamino)methyl]pyrrolidinyl}sulfonyl)-2-thienyl]methyl}benzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[3-({[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}methyl)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   2-oxo-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]-2-hydroxybenzamide -   2-hydroxy-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)benzamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(hexylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxamide -   2-thioxo-N-({5-[(4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxamide -   N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-pyridinecarboxamide -   N-({5-[(4-{ethyl[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]amino}-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]-2-thienyl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-({imino[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl]sulfonyl}-2-thienyl)methyl]benzamide -   1-[(5-{[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]methyl}-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-4-(hexylamino)proline -   ethyl     2-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-5-{[(3-methoxybenzoyl)amino]methyl}thiophene-3-carboxylate -   N-{[5-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-4-(trimethylsilyl)thien-2-yl]methyl}-3-methoxybenzamide -   N-({5-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]thien-2-yl}methyl)-3-methoxybenzamide -   5-[(3-Methoxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-2-[4-(4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-piperidine-1-sulfonyl]-thiophene-3-carboxylic     acid ethyl ester -   N-[(4-chloro-5-{[4-(hexylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]-3-methoxybenzamide

The compounds of formula (II) may be obtained according to the methods described in any of WO 01/23378, WO 02/28856 and WO 02/26733.

The cyclosporines are commercially available compounds and may be obtained according to any of the methods described in the patents identified above.

A commercially available cyclosporin is “Sandimmun Neoral” of Novartis (Cyclosporin A) or “Ciclosol” of Ecosol (equally Cyclosporin A). They are on the market in the form of 10 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg capsules as well as infusion concentrate for use as immunosuppressant, e.g. in the transplantation medicine.

The compositions of the present invention display an improved activity compared to compositions containing only a JNK inhibitors or only a cyclosporin. In fact, it seems that the activity of JNK inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory or autoimmune disorders, ischemia, a neuronal disorder, a cardiovascular disease or cancer may be increased (boosted) upon combination with cyclosporine, notably in human patients.

Such neuronal system disorders include for example neurodegenerative diseases e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, retinal diseases, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, head trauma, epilepsy and seizures, ischemic and hemorragic brain strokes.

Immune system disorders include for example asthma, transplant rejection (bone marrow transplantation, Graft-versus-Host disease), inflammatory processes such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cartilage and bone erosion disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, septic shock, scleroderma, psoriasis, dermatitis.

The composition of the present invention may be used in treating cancers, such as breast, colorectal, pancreatic, prostate, testicular, ovarian, lung, liver and kidney cancers.

In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention may be used in treating cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, ischemia, e.g. cerebral ischemia, myocordial infarction.

In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention may be used in treating various ischemic conditions including heart and kidney failures, hepatic disorders and brain reperfusion injuries.

In another embodiment, the composition of the present invention may be used in treating diabetes.

Suitably the cyclosporin dose (e.g. of Cyclosprorin A) is adjusted between 1 and 100 mg/kg, preferably to 5-50, e.g. 25, or 15 or 10 mg/kg.

The dose of the JNK inhibitor is adjusted between 10 and 100 mg/kg, preferably to 40-80 mg/kg.

Suitably the molar ratio of the cyclosporin and the JNK inhibitor is 1:1 to 1:100, or 1:20, or 1:10, or 1:5 or 1:2 (in favor of the JNK inhibitor).

The compositions of the present invention, may furthermore contain conventionally employed adjuvants, carriers, diluents or excipient, in such form to be employed as solids, such as tablets or filled capsules, or liquids such as solutions, suspensions, emulsions, elixirs, or capsules filled with the same, all for oral use, or in the form of sterile injectable solutions for parenteral (including subcutaneous use). Such pharmaceutical compositions and unit dosage forms thereof may comprise ingredients in conventional proportions, with or without additional active compounds or principles, and such unit dosage forms may contain any suitable effective amount of the active ingredient commensurate with the intended daily dosage range to be employed.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be administered by a variety of routes including oral, rectal, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-thecal, intraperitoneal and intranasal. Depending on the intended route of delivery, the compounds are preferably formulated as either injectable, topical or oral compositions. The compositions for oral administration may take the form of bulk liquid solutions or suspensions, or bulk powders. More commonly, however, the compositions are presented in unit dosage forms to facilitate accurate dosing. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. Typical unit dosage forms include prefilled, premeasured ampoules or syringes of the liquid compositions or pills, tablets, capsules or the like in the case of solid compositions. In such compositions, the benzothiazole compound is usually a minor component (from about 0.1 to about 50% by weight or preferably from about 1 to about 40% by weight) with the remainder being various vehicles or carriers and processing aids helpful for forming the desired dosing form.

Liquid forms suitable for oral administration may include a suitable aqueous or nonaqueous vehicle with buffers, suspending and dispensing agents, colorants, flavors and the like. Solid forms may include, for example, any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatine; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.

Injectable compositions are typically based upon injectable sterile saline or phosphate-buffered saline or other injectable carriers known in the art. As above mentioned, the benzothiazole derivative of formula I or sulfonamide of formula (II) together with Cyclosporin in such compositions is typically a minor component, frequently ranging between 0.05 to 10% by weight with the remainder being the injectable carrier and the like.

The above described components for orally administered or injectable compositions are merely representative. Further materials as well as processing techniques and the like are set out in Part 5 of Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20^(th) Edition, 2000, Marck Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., which is incorporated herein be reference.

The compositions of this invention can also be administered in sustained release forms or from sustained release drug delivery systems. A description of representative sustained release materials can also be found in the incorporated materials in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of a Pharmaceutical Formulation

The following formulation examples illustrate representative pharmaceutical compositions according to the present invention being not restricted thereto.

Formulation 1—Tablets

A JNK inhibitor, e.g. benzothiazole compound of formula I, is admixed as a dry powder together with a cyclosporin and with a dry gelatin binder in an approximate 1:2 weight ration. A minor amount of magnesium stearate is added as a lubricant. The mixture is formed into 240-270 mg tablets (80-90 mg of active benzothiazole compound per tablet) in a tablet press.

Formulation 2—Capsules

A JNK inhibitor, e.g. benzothiazole compound of formula I, is admixed as a dry powder together with a cyclosporin and with a starch diluent in an approximate 1:1 weight ratio. The mixture is filled into 250 mg capsules (125 mg of active benzothiazole compound and 25, or 50 mg of Cyclosporin per capsule).

Formulation 3—Liquid

A JNK inhibitor, e.g. benzothiazole compound of formula I and cyclosporin and (1250 mg), sucrose (1.75 g) and xanthan gum (4 mg) are blended, passed through a No. 10 mesh U.S. sieve, and then mixed with a previously prepared solution of microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (11:89, 50 mg) in water. Sodium benzoate (10 mg), flavor, and color are diluted with water and added with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce a total volume of 5 mL.

Formulation 4—Tablets

A JNK inhibitor, e.g. benzothiazole compound of formula I together with a cyclosporin is admixed as a dry powder with a dry gelatin binder in an approximate 1:2 weight ratio. A minor amount of magnesium stearate is added as a lubricant. The mixture is formed into 450-900 mg tablets (150-300 mg of active JNK inhibitor and 25, or 50 mg of Cyclosporin) in a tablet press.

Formulation 5—Injection

A JNK inhibitor, e.g. benzothiazole compound of formula I, and a cyclosporin are dissolved in a buffered sterile saline injectable aqueous medium to a concentration of approximately 5 mg/ml.

EXAMPLE 2 Biological Assay

The advantageous properties of the compositions of the present invention may be shown using a variety of in vivo assays. In the following the compositions are shown to have improved activity on neuroprotection.

In Vivo Assay: Neuroprotective Effect of a JNK Inhibitor Combined with Cyclosporin in a Model of Global Ischemia in Gerbils

The following assay aims at determining the neuroprotective effect of the test compositions in a model of global ischemia in gerbils, in vivo.

The assay was performed as follows:

A total of 73 gerbils (60-80 g; obtained from Elevage Janvier, France) were provided. 4 groups, each consisting of 6-36 animals were formed:

-   -   Group 1 (n=36): The animals were administered (ip) a dose of 10         ml/kg of vehicle.     -   Group 2 (n=6): The animals were administered (ip) a dose of 15         mg/kg of cyclosporine.     -   Group 3 (n=8): The animals were administered (ip) a dose of 60         or 40 mg/kg of a JNK inhibitor according to formula (I) or (II).     -   Group 4 (n=7-8): The animals were administered (ip) a dose of         the test composition containing 60 or 40 mg/kg of a JNK         inhibitor according to formula (I) or (II) together with 15         mg/kg cyclosporine.

Protocols

Surgery. Gerbils weighting 60-80 g were anaesthetized with 4% isoflurane (Baxter, Volketswil, Switzerland) in medical air, administered via facemask. The anaesthesia was then maintained using 3% isoflurane until the end of surgery. Bilateral common carotid arteries were dissected and occluded with bulldog clamps for 5 min.

Histology. Seven days after the onset of occlusion, the animals were killed by decapitation. The brains were frozen at −20° C. in 2-methylbutane and cut in 20 μm-thick sections in a cryocut (Microm HM 5000M, Walldorf, Germany). The sections were stained with cresyl violet acetate and the lesion in the hippocampus were scored within a 5-point scale:

-   -   Score 0: No loss of CA1 neurons;     -   Score 1: Weak damage of CA1 (CA1/Subiculum or CA1/CA3 border);     -   Score 2: Loss of CA1 neurons (<1/2);     -   Score 3: Loss of CA1 neurons (>1/2); and     -   Score 4: Total loss of CA1 neurons and expanding into other         areas (CA3, Dentate gyrus, Cortex). The total score was obtained         as the sum of scores in the right and left hemispheres.

Results EXAMPLE 2a

For instance, for animals of group 4 wherein the JNK inhibitor is 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile=Compound A (60 mg/kg, ip.), the hippocampal damage assessed by histology was compared to that of the animals treated with the vehicle (Group 1) and to the animals treated with the JNK inhibitor alone (Group 3): Cyclosporin (15 mg/kg, ip) increases the neuroprotective effects of the JNK inhibitor (60 mg/kg, ip.).

EXAMPLE 2b

For instance, for animals of group 4 wherein the JNK inhibitor is 4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide acetonitrile Compound B (40 mg/kg, ip.), the hippocampal damage assessed by histology was compared to that of the animals treated with the vehicle (Group 1) and to the animals treated with the JNK inhibitor alone (Group 3): Cyclosporin (15 mg/kg, ip) increases the neuroprotective effects of the JNK inhibitor (40 mg/kg, ip.).

For both examples 2a & 2b, the animals of Group 2 (i.e. treated with cyclosporin alone) did not show any effect, i.e. cyclosporin alone did not provide any improvement of the histological score. TABLE I JNK Cyclo- inhibitor sporine A Histological (mg/kg, (mg/kg, score Group Treatment ip) ip) Mean ± SEM n 1 Control 0 0 5.8 ± 0.1 36 2 Compound A 0 15 6.0 ± 0.0 6 3 Compound A 60 0 3.6 ± 0.8 8 4 Compound A 60 15 1.3 ± 0.6 8 n = number of animals tested Compound A = 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile

TABLE II JNK Cyclo- Histological inhibitor sporine A score Group Treatment (mg/kg, ip) (mg/kg, ip) Mean ± SEM n 1 Control 0 0 5.8 ± 0.1 36 2 Compound B 0 15 6.0 ± 0.0 6 3 Compound B 60 0 5.3 ± 0.5 8 4 Compound B 60 15 2.1 ± 0.6 7 n = number of animals tested Compound B = 4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide acetonitrile

REFERENCES LIST

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1: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a JNK inhibitor and a cyclosporin. 2: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the JNK inhibitor is a JNK3 inhibitor. 3: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2, wherein the JNK inhibitor is a benzothiazole derivative according to formula I

as well as its tautomers, its geometrical isomers, its optically active forms as enantiomers, diastereomers and its racemate forms, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein G is a pyrimidinyl group. L is an C₁-C₆-alkoxy, or an amino group, or an 3-8 membered heterocycloalkyl, containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, S; R¹ is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, sulfonyl, amino, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy, aryl, halogen, cyano or hydroxy. 4: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein R¹ is H or C₁-C₃ alkyl. 5: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3, wherein the JNK inhibitor has any of formulae (Ia), (Ia′) or (Ia″):

wherein R¹ is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, sulfonyl, amino, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl or C₁-C₆-alkoxy, aryl, halogen, cyano or hydroxy; L is an amino group of the formula —NR³R⁴ wherein R³ and R⁴ are each independently from each other H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl heteroaryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl heterocycloalkyl, or R³ and R⁴ may form a ring together with the nitrogen to which they are bound. 6: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5, wherein R³ is hydrogen or a methyl or ethyl or propyl group and R⁴ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)-alkyl, C₁-C₆ alkyl-aryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl-heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl and 4-8 membered saturated or unsaturated cycloalkyl. 7: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5, wherein R³ and R⁴ form an optionally substituted piperazine or a piperidine or a morpholine or a pyrrolidine ring together with the nitrogen to which they are bound, whereby said optional substituent is selected from the group consisting of C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, saturated or unsaturated 3-8-membered cycloalkyl, 3-8-membered heterocycloalkyl, (wherein said cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl groups may be fused with 1-2 further cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl group), C₁-C₆-alkyl aryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl heteroaryl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl aryl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl heteroaryl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl aryl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl heteroaryl, C₁-C₆-alkyl cycloalkyl, C₁-C₆-alkyl heterocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl heterocycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl cycloalkyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl heterocycloalkyl. 8: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5 wherein L is selected from:

wherein n is 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, R⁵ and R^(5′) are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, aryl or hetero-aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl-aryl and C₁-C₆-alkyl-heteroaryl. 9: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 5 wherein L is selected from:

wherein n is 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 6, R⁵ and R^(5′) are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₁₀ alkyl, aryl or hetero-aryl, C₁-C₆ alkyl-aryl and C₁-C₆-alkyl-heteroaryl. 10: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 wherein the JNK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2,6-dimethoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-benzyl-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-morpholinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(methylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1-piperazinyl}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[4-(benzyloxy)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(dimethylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(propylamino)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-4-pyrimidinyl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[4-(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[4-(2-pyrazinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-4-pyrimidinyl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(5-bromo-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-{3-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]anilino}piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{methyl[3-(methylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile tert-butyl ({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)acetate {2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile {2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-piperidin-1-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzylamino)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile isopropyl 3-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)propanoate 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile tert-butyl 4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-ethyl]phenylcarbamate (2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)amino]-pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-chlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(2-{4-[hydroxy(oxido)amino]phenyl}ethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)propyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 4-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]benzenesulfonamide {2-[(2-pyridin-3-ylethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(1H-tetraazol-5-ylmethyl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(benzyloxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(3-pyridin-2-ylpropoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-3-ylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({3-[(dimethylamino)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(1-oxidopyridin-3-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl {2-[(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-(4-butoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile {2-[4-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl}(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile [2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl][5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl]acetonitrile N-[2-({4-[1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(cyano)methyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)ethyl]-4-chlorobenzamide 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)methyl]-benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[4-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)benzyl]oxy}pyrimidin-4-yl)acetonitrile 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl[2-({4-[(4-formylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl]acetonitrile [2-({4-[(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]benzyl}oxy)pyrimidin-4-yl](1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)acetonitrile (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile 4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester 2-[4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetamide (2-{4-[4-(2-Amino-acetyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-(3H-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-acetonitrile [4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-acetic acid methyl ester (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-methoxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile 4-(4-{4-[(3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-cyano-methyl]-pyrimidin-2-yloxymethyl}-benzyl)-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-{2-[4-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-benzyloxy]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-acetonitrile (3H-Benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-(2-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]-benzyloxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-acetonitrile 11: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the JNK inhibitor is a compound of formula II

as well as its geometrical isomers, its optically active forms as enantiomers, diastereomers and its racemate forms, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein Y is an 4-12-membered saturated cyclic or bicyclic alkyl containing at least one nitrogen atom, whereby one nitrogen atom within said ring is forming a bond with the sulfonyl group of formula I thus providing the sulfonamide; R¹ is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, amino, sulfanyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonyloxy, sulfonamide, acylamino, aminocarbonyl, C₁-C₆ alkoxycarbonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carboxy, cyano, halogen, hydroxy, nitro, hydrazides; R² is selected from the group comprising or consisting of hydrogen, COOR³, CONR³R^(3′), OH, a C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted with an OH or amino group, a hydrazido carbonyl group, a sulfate, a sulfonate, an amine or an ammonium salt; with R³, R^(3′) being substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl 12: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein R¹ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl or C₁-C₆ alkoxy. 13: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11, wherein Y is either of the cyclic amines having the general formulae

whereby, L¹ and L² are independently selected from each other from the group consisting of C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, C₂-C₆-alkynyl, C₄-C₈-cycloalkyl optionally containing 1-3 heteroatoms and optionally fused with aryl or heteroaryl; or L¹ and L² are independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, —C(O)—OR³, —C(O)—R³, —C(O)—NR^(3′)R³, —NR^(3′)R³, —NR^(3′)C(O)R³, —NR^(3′)C(O)NR^(3′)R³, —(SO)R³, —(SO₂)R³, —NSO₂R³, —SO₂NR^(3′) R³, with R³, R^(3′) being substituents independently selected from the group consisting of H, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₂-C₆-alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₁-C₆-alkyl; or L¹ and L² taken together form a 4-8-membered, saturated cyclic alkyl or heteroalkyl group; and R⁶ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C₁-C₆-alkyl, C₁-C₆-alkoxy, OH, halogen, nitro, cyano, sulfonyl, oxo (═O), and n′ is an integer from 0 to 4, preferably 1 or
 2. 14: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 13, wherein R⁶ is H, L² is H, L¹ is —NR^(3′)R³; where at least one of R^(3′) and R³ is not hydrogen, but a substituent selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C₄-C₁₈-alkyl, aryl-C₁-C₁₈-alkyl, heteroaryl-C₂-C₁₈-alkyl, C₁-C₁₄-alkyl substituted with a C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl or -bicyclo or -tricyloalkyl, and whereby said alkyl chain may contain 1-3 O or S atoms. 15: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 14, wherein L¹ is —NHR³; where R³ is a straight or branched C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, preferably a C₆-C₁₂-alkyl, optionally substituted with a cyclohexyl group or a benzyl group. 16: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein Y is a piperidine group

L¹ is —NHR³; where R³ is a straight or branched C₄-C₁₂-alkyl, preferably a C₈-C₁₂-alkyl, or a benzyl group. 17: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 11 wherein the JNK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl(2-{[2-(3-pyridinyl)ethyl]amino}-4-pyrimidinyl)acetonitrile 4-chloro-N-[(5-{[4-(butylamino)piperidin-1-yl]sulfonyl}thien-2-yl)methyl]benzamide acetonitrile 18: Pharmaceutical composition according to any of claim 1, wherein the cyclosporin is cyclosporin A. 19: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the cyclosporin and the JNK inhibitor is 1/1 to 1/100. 20: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, wherein the dose of cyclosporin is between 1 and 100 mg/kg. 21: Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. 22: A composition according to any of claim 1, for use as a medicament. 23: A method of using the composition according to claim 1, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a neuronal disorder, an autoimmune disease, an inflammatory disorder, cancer or a cardiovascular disease. 